Small Talk by by James Hunter Essay - 1078 Words

In this paper I am going to analyze and comment an article written by James Hunter. My starting point will be a summary about the text in which I have been working. Next I will contextualize the topic which is â€Å"Small Talk†. Then, I will analyze different problematic issues raised in the text in which I propose proposals for solving the problems posed. Finally, I will reflect about the strengths and weaknesses of some points about this article changing some aspects of the authors proposal. ïÆ'Ëœ SUMMARY The author of this article stakes out a clear and insightful position on this educational issue and follows the specific instructions by presenting reasons to support that position. The article cogently argues that a corrective feedback can†¦show more content†¦How did this come about? It was initially studied in 1923 by Bronislaw Lalinowski, however it began as an experiment in learner-centred over 20 years ago which pretended developing the oral communication. Nowadays this methodology has been introduced into the classroom so, in a â€Å"Small Talk† class, pupils improve their speaking skill in a conversation without intervention by the teacher, and then receive feedback. Small talk can be divided into 6 steps: 1. The day before, the leader (who is responsible for choosing the topic, providing questions, vocabulary, grouping the class, etc.) announces the topic to their mates. 2. At the beginning, the leader writes on the board the questions and vocabulary and grouping the class. 3. Groups begin to discuss the theme. 4. Groups share what they are speaking about with the rest of the class. 5. The leader invite groups to tell them what are the most important points of their conversation. 6. The leader thanks and concludes the class and announces the date and leader of the following small talk Along the same line of small talk, throughout the didactics course we have learned four types of activities about oral skills as, for example, controlled practice, guided practice, free activities, and dialogues and role-play work. To put this in the same perspective, the types of activities that are more related to small talk are guided practice (This is a kind of meaningful drillShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay - Original Writing930 Words   |  4 Pagesher!† my mother cried. James and I yelled â€Å"Lost what?† â€Å"Your sister!† Mom cried â€Å"What?† Asked James and I. â€Å"Your sister!† Mom bawled. â€Å"How?† Asked James and I. â€Å"I don’t know, but let s look for her. Okay?† Dad and mom announced. â€Å"Okay.† James and I alerted It just felt like a blur for a few days. We have looked for her for days we even didn’t even go to school but no sign of Harper. I think my mother knew that she had died but mother didn’t want to amite it. James didn’t talk to me for about a monthRead MoreHow Does Holden Caulfield See Himself as The Catcher in the Rye?1051 Words   |  5 Pageswas like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ what Holden does not realize is that his parents are occupied even now, after they had him, this shows that he isn’t close to his parents. He doesn’t really care. When Caulfield talks about his brother D.B.’s short story, ‘The Secret Goldfish’, he says that it was about a little child that would not let anyone look at his goldfish because he had bought it with his own money. This is such a childish trait and innocent thing to doRead MoreChristianity And World Changing By James Davison Hunter1743 Words    |  7 PagesThe World, James Davison Hunter explains how this common believe is a misconception. Rather, he shows readers that, from a sociological perspective, while Christians thrive in many areas of life by reaching others individually, they fundamentally components of creating cultural change. Hunter’s first essay, titled â€Å"Christianity And World-Changing† attempts to refute the common assumption that cultures can be changed â€Å"one heart at a time† or, in other words, from the bottom up. Hunter argues theRead MoreWhy Is College So Important?1312 Words   |  6 Pagesthe twenty-first century key to success. Jobs are now being given to those who are more educated and college provides this extra education. It is not the same as high school. High school education consists of a more general knowledge, which is a small amount of information about all the topics, but college is focused on the major. College graduates have more comprehension in their area than those with a high school diploma. As President Theodore Roosevelt once said, â€Å"A man who has never gone toRead MoreEdward Teach aka Blackbeard the Pirate1354 Words   |  6 Pagesdidn’t fear him, and therefore they obeyed him). Blackbeard began his pirating career sometime after 1713, as an ordinary crewmember aboard a Jamaican sloop commanded by the pirate Benjamin Hornigold. In 1716, Hornigold supplied Teach with a small crew, and a small captured vessel to command. By 1717 Hornigold and Teach were sailing in alliance, and together were feared throughout the seas. In November 1717, Hornigold and Teach were able to capture a 26 gun French vessel called the Concorde (recent researchRead MoreEssay about The Color of Water7106 Words   |  29 Pagesthe son’s perspective, James. 2. What is the ethnic background of the author? * The ethnic background of the author is Caucasian and African-American. Chapter 1: Dead 1. Why is this chapter written in italics? * This chapter was written in Italics because it was written from a different point of view which was Ruth’s perspective who talks about her past as a child. 2. Why is the mother reluctant to talk about her family? * Ruth is reluctant to talk about her family becauseRead MoreSuperstition On The Face Of Logic By Dr. Mortimer1272 Words   |  6 Pagesinvestigation. This intersection of rational thought and irrational belief is first presented by Dr. Mortimer at the beginning of the novel. Dr. Mortimer’ introduction as a â€Å"man of science† sets a tone of intellectuality; Holmes and Mortimer make small talk of his medical practice, Holmes’ deductions, and the intricacies of Holmes’ skull structure. This is immediately skewed by the telling of the legend of the hound. The reading of this unworldly myth promptly makes the atmosphere eerie and mysticalRead MoreThe Emerging Use of Mattresses in History: Cultural Differences in Sleeping Patterns979 Words   |  4 Pagesin history: Cultural differences in sleeping patterns The way that we sleep feels so natural, it may come as a surprise that sleeping in separate beds on an elevated mattress is quite particular to specific cultures and regions. The first hunter-gatherers obviously did not have stationary places to rest upon and even the concept of an individual bedroom is fairly recent in the West. However, given the ubiquity of Western culture, many non-Western customs regarding sleeping habits have changedRead MoreThe Sherlock Holmes By Dr. James Watson1665 Words   |  7 Pages One of the things that make the Sherlock Holmes books distinctive is their point of view. The books are written as an account Sherlock Holmes’ case, written by Dr. James Watson, chronicling the achievements of the detective. This book, in particular, is unique in its point of view. The first few chapters are told in past tense, as Watson recalls the events; the next few chapters are present tense, in the form of extracts from Watson’s diary or letters sent to H olmes from the hall; the last few chaptersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Things That Make The Sherlock Holmes 1366 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Æ' Point of View One of the things that make the Sherlock Holmes books distinctive is their point of view. The books are written as memoirs of Dr. James Watson, chronicling the achievements of Sherlock Holmes. This book, in particular, is unique in its point of view. The first few chapters are told in past tense, as Watson recalls the events; the next few chapters are present tense, in the form of extracts from Watson’s diary or letters sent to Holmes from the hall; the last few chapters shift back

A World Lit Only By Fire - 1083 Words

In the book A World Lit Only by Fire, the author, William Manchester, describes the period of time between the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the start of the Renaissance known as the medieval period, or Middle Ages. The church had the most power in Europe and people struggled with surviving events such as epidemics. Consequently people had very short lives that may have not served them well. Every person in Europe during this time would eventually hear, â€Å"Bring out your dead!† as the gravediggers’ carts rolled down the street each night after an outbreak of the Bubonic Plague. Life during the medieval period was brutal and harsh with everything from church domination and the constant warring over political power to diseases and†¦show more content†¦Epidemics would break out in Europe and the origin of the disease would never be identified. To top that off, the Bubonic plague â€Å"returned to Europe at least once a generation since October 1347 † (Manchester 34). The medieval period was a time of alarming disease for people to be living in. Like the Holocaust in the 1930s-1940s, Jews during this time were treated with brutality. Manchester describes it as, â€Å"Jewry was luckier - slightly luckier - than blacks. If the pogroms of the time are less infamous than the Holocaust, it is only because anti-Semites then lacked twentieth-century technology† (35). In the year 1492, the Spanish had regained control of Spain. The rule of Spain was now under King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. They were not fond of Jews in their nation. The Jews in Spain were given three months to convert to christianity or to leave. After seeing what the Spanish were doing in Spain, the king of Portugal ordered the expulsion of all Portuguese Jews. Any Jews who wouldn’t leave or were slow to leave were massacred. Around four thousand Lisbon Jews were killed during a single night in 1506. Only three years later persecutio n of Jews in Germany began. Jews throughout history have been treated badly but during the medieval period it was especially hard if you were a Jew. On page 37, Manchester states, â€Å"At any given moment the most dangerous enemy in Europe was the reigning pope.† The popes of the church were their Holy Fathers, but

Practicing Flipped Classroom Strategy †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Practicing Flipped Classroom Strategy. Answer: Introduction It is evident that there is a clear difference between learning from own experiences and leaning from books (Jones and Casulli 2014). In the perspective of philosophers the knowledge which is obtained from books is informative however, knowledge gained from worldly experiences is sure to be treasured. Knowledge is divine and it is important to gain adequate knowledge either from books or experiences (Oleson and Hora 2014). Therefore in this essay the perspective of Authors towards knowledge gained from both the sources shall be emphasized. It is noteworthy to mention here that books are not always informative and accurate (Kong 2014). The ideas depicted in them are often complex in nature it makes it difficult for new readers to understand. This is due to reason that books are written by experienced authors where the language used is often contradictory which cannot be understood by all (Ruiz, Foguem and Grabot 2014). However, it is not mandatory to experience everything that has been read (Durmusoglu et al. 2014). For instance, a person has gained adequate knowledge from academic books and literature about the Himalayas; he shall not travel to the Himalayas to gain experiences. His knowledge shall be limited within the ideas contained in the book. In this regard, the experiences of visiting a real life place can be emphasized. The information depicted in the travel books provided adequate information (Kong 2014). However, any person willing to experience those should only rely upon the travel books at the first place. Those books provided with information that there are various religious and sacred sites to visit in Maldives however, the people are unwelcoming. However, this is absolutely incorrect the local people of Maldives are very friendly and approaching. Therefore in some cases the information contained in books could be inaccurate as most of them were based on age-old information. Therefore, personal experience is the best way to gather information. It is worth mentioning that knowledge gathered from experience remains for lifetime. Books written by various experts belonging to different fields vary ideas. For instance, an idea shared by an author regarding a particular subject-matter may differ from other experts which create confusion in the minds of the readers. Knowledge acquired from academic literatures is always accepted however gaining knowledge from books shall not form an important part of the memory for lifetime (Razmerita, Kirchner and Nabeth 2014). It can be emphasized that the knowledge obtained from personal experiences stays for a long time in the memories. In recent trends of globalization, the world has become a competitive place to live in. However, as far as knowledge is concerned it is essential that it should enumerate from both the sources- books and experiences (Ruiz, Foguem and Grabot 2014). In this regard, it is worth mentioning that the knowledge which individuals gain from real life experiences can be preserved for lifetime as it plays an important role in shaping our minds and perspectives (Razmerita, Kirchner and Nabeth 2014). It can be stated that a book is considered as a reliable source of information (Oleson and Hora 2014). Therefore, in order to obtain relevant information it is important to read books daily in order to form a fundamental part of the routine. It is evident that books serves as an important source of knowledge and one can develop clear idea regarding the history, cultural background and even socio-political conditions of a country (Fraley and Hudson 2014). In some cases, authors share their own experie nces in the books and therefore by reading such books individuals are able see the world through the authors eyes. The detailed concepts contained in books are enough for a reader to understand the theoretical concepts (Oleson and Hora 2014). However, in order to understand practical concepts, real life experiences are required. Students belonging to various educational backgrounds are benefited from the concepts depicted in academic books and literatures. In this regard, it is noteworthy to mention here that students belong to technical background requires the assistance of books and practical experiences (Van Otterlo 2015). In modern era, books are available in different formats like e-books, online journals which can be easily accessed by individuals in order to gain appropriate knowledge (Ruiz, Foguem and Grabot 2014). According to my point of view, the knowledge that individuals gain from their real life experiences is valued for lifetime. It is true that the things which we learn and the ideas we develop are obtained from books (Razmerita, Kirchner and Nabeth 2014). One can learn more effectively by experiencing the values and ideas of the outside world. A book cannot help an individual to feel the way he wants to during a particular situation. In addition, it can be stated that the knowledge which we gather from our experiences by exploring new things remains with us for a long time. It is impossible on the part of individuals to forget the memories of their past experiences (Durmusoglu et al. 2014). It is known to all that real life experiences are mostly memorable and enjoyable which helps to retain the memories of the past. With the help of such lively experiences individuals are able to learn from different situations like how to deal with issues during serious crisis. For the purpose of understanding any concept it is important for the individuals to experience them practically. Different people may have distinct perspectives about a particular object. However, it is important to understand the views of different people by practically implementing their ideas. It is important to note here that with the help of sufficient knowledge, a person shall not be able to gain knowledge about all aspects (Van Otterlo 2015). For instance surgery cannot be performed without prior experience in practical training. Mere knowledge of books shall not assist doctors in performing surgeries. Since time immemorial, mankind relied on books for gathering knowledge. It can be significantly noted that people mostly depend upon books for gathering relevant information while in some cases they prefer real-life experiences to gather knowledge (D'amico 2016). In my perspective, books can be considered as important secondary sources which help to facilitate knowledge in individuals to a great extent. However, books cannot replace the importance of life experiences as the knowledge gained from primary sources is more accurate and relevant (Ihmeideh 2014). In spite of various advantages, there are several disadvantages with real-life experiences as well. For instance, in order to gain knowledge regarding Egyptian pyramids it is important to gather information by visiting the site. However, it is not always possible to visit each and every place of interest in order to gather information. Information from books can be gathered within a short span of time. On the other hand, collecting information from real-life experiences can be time consuming. Conclusion In the conclusion it can be stated knowledge gained from personal experiences appears to be more relevant as compared to books. This is due to the reason that in some cases the information depicted in books may appear inaccurate and irrelevant. It is important to mention here that with experiences the knowledge shall be limited to our own views. With the help of books individuals will be able to access information about different authors and their perspectives. Accessing information books are comparatively cheaper than travelling. However it is important to gain equal knowledge from both the sources. Books are written by well experienced subject experts and therefore comparing our real-life experiences with their perspectives shall provide us in-depth information about the relevant field. References: D'amico, R., 2016. Historicism and knowledge. Durmusoglu, S., Jacobs, M., Zamantili Nayir, D., Khilji, S. and Wang, X., 2014. The quasi-moderating role of organizational culture in the relationship between rewards and knowledge shared and gained.Journal of Knowledge Management,18(1), pp.19-37. Fraley, R.C. and Hudson, N.W., 2014. Review of intensive longitudinal methods: an introduction to diary and experience sampling research. Ihmeideh, F.M., 2014. The effect of electronic books on enhancing emergent literacy skills of pre-school children.Computers Education,79, pp.40-48. Jones, M.V. and Casulli, L., 2014. International entrepreneurship: Exploring the logic and utility of individual experience through comparative reasoning approaches.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,38(1), pp.45-69. Kong, S.C., 2014. Developing information literacy and critical thinking skills through domain knowledge learning in digital classrooms: An experience of practicing flipped classroom strategy.Computers Education,78, pp.160-173. Oleson, A. and Hora, M.T., 2014. Teaching the way they were taught? Revisiting the sources of teaching knowledge and the role of prior experience in shaping faculty teaching practices.Higher Education,68(1), pp.29-45. Razmerita, L., Kirchner, K. and Nabeth, T., 2014. Social media in organizations: leveraging personal and collective knowledge processes.Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce,24(1), pp.74-93. Ruiz, P.P., Foguem, B.K. and Grabot, B., 2014. Generating knowledge in maintenance from Experience Feedback.Knowledge-Based Systems,68, pp.4-20. Van Otterlo, M., 2015. The libraryness of calculative devices.Algorithmic Life: Calculative Devices in the Age of Big Data, p.35.

Nickle and Dimed Argument essay Essay Example

Nickle and Dimed Argument essay Essay Every day, millions of low-wage working class Americans venture forth into a reality of unsubstantial living and work environments, plagued with uncertainty. In Barbara Ehrenreichs novel, Nickel and Dimed On (Not) Getting By In America, she experiences the low-wage working world first hand, writing upon her experiences about many of hardships she faced. She exposes the substandard ways in which these wage- earners work and live, touching on the topics of business practices with negative effects, lack of government aid and criminalization of poor, and middle to upper class isrepresentation of the situations of the poor, utilizing each in an argument stating the socioeconomic environment of America is not feasible in regards to millions upon millions of Americans and how they live. Practices of certain employers do not make it any less difficult for low-wage workers to live, as Ehrenreich shows clearly through her writings on Walmart and The Maids cleaning service, but these practices extend to many other businesses as well. First and foremost is the low-wage these workers are paid, which is incredibly disproportionate to the amount of physical labor low-wage workers are subjected to (Ehrenreich, 72). Ehrenreich also puts on display the pitiful incentives which employers attempt to use as a means to Justify the low-wages their workers are paid, these include continental breakfasts (coffee and donuts), employee discounts, or some other excuse to keep wages low. While working at Walmart, ehrenreich also experienced another practice of large corporations, spreading out right lies and demonizing unions as evil wage stealing monsters, who no longer have much to offer orkers. Here Ehrenreich paints a very clear picture of corporations, greedy, controlling entities that steal the life, energy, and labor of the people they employe. We will write a custom essay sample on Nickle and Dimed Argument essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nickle and Dimed Argument essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nickle and Dimed Argument essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This lead into the idea that management, along with the corporation it supports, is truly more corporate than actually human. Barbara Ehrenreich discusses the managers at both the Hearthside and Jennys, who belittle employees and make them out to be little more than replaceable workhorses, illustrated by Ehrenreichs analysis of the want ads, which do not necessarily reflect open positions, but as she came to nderstand, they simply reflect which employers are looking for replacements and a constant stream of cheap labor. Barbara Ehrenreichs argument that certain practices of employers cause negative effects clearly has weight to it, and comes together with her larger argument concerning the socioeconomic environment of America. Along with touching upon her experiences with Employer practices, Barbara Ehrenreich also utilizes her experience with the lack of government aid she faced, and the criminalization of the poor she was exposed to, in her argument. While searching for inancial and food assistance in Maine, Ehrenreich encounters several hurdles, which many others have likely encountered in their search for aid. A common theme seems to be having to speak to the people on the phone lines who represent the organizations, until they finally relent and either offer another number or some type of assistance, of which Ehrenreich only was able to acquire after spending 70 minutes in driving and calling, along with $2. 80, for $7. 2 worth of food, which came to milk, cereal, a pound of chopped meat, and a can of kidney beans. Not the most utritionally Olverse T TTs, out tney get tne Joo done . DlsaalnTul attltuaes towards aid seekers, criminalization of the poor, anti-begging laws and similar ordinances being passed in large cities, which keep the destitute from sleeping or sitting in public places, though officials boast the ordinances are aimed at all, they are kidding themselves when they believe they do not discriminate. It only appears that the crackdown and criminalization on the poor has increased, a homeless man was arrested in a shelter for being homeless, Barbara states after a friend had told er. Laws against handing out food to those in need in public places have even been put in place. More evidence pointing towards a downward trend in the living statuses of the poor Barbara observed. This criminalization likely stems from another topic that Barbara Ehrenreich covers in her argument against the current environment the poor must face, which is middle to upper class misrepresentation of the poor. Many middle to upper class people have the notion that many of the poor are able to in fact do research about the types of employment available to them, also being ble to drive the long distances and locate charitable agencies which will of course help them very much, but the food assistance offered to the destitute by these organization provides empty calories, from candy, sugary cereals, fatty red meats, and other things that are not fruits, vegetables, or quality ingredients for balanced meals. Ehrenreich notes that though many middle and upper class people look down upon the poor for their assumed substandard diets, but when put in perspective what is there alternative? Those who have tried to supply the destitute with healthier eals have been criminalized as well. As with the case of Barbara Ehrenreichs co- workers, and many other low-wage workers across America, employment is not a magical spell, capable of curing all of lifes woes immediately. It does help by providing some financial support, but low-wage employment is incredibly unpredictable and difficult to live with. Also, Ehrenreich learned later as she experienced the low-wage work environment, that the poor do not have secret tips and tricks for surviving and making it much better for themselves, their life styles ruly are not glamorous in any sense of the word. Barbara Ehrenreichs argument presented in Nickel and Dimed On (Not) Getting By In America covers the current socioeconomic environment in America and how it continues to shape the lives of the low-wage working class, and how it is not feasible in its current state. Covering several topics while melding them together with her own personal experiences, Ehrenreich creates an effective argument calling for better treatment and conditions for low-wage workers in America, possibly all over the world.

Medieval Feasts essays

Medieval Feasts essays When I say the word medieval, what is the first thing that comes to mind? No, I am not talking about anything that has to do with the devil. I am referring to the time period long ago. Youve heard of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table right? In the middle ages, people came together and had great feasts. The food in the Middle Ages was very different from the food today. Their dinnerware was quite different too. They also had different ways of being entertained at these great social events. Hop in to that time machine because we are about to go into the past to experience a feast of royal proportions. Feasts were always held in the Great Hall in a kings or lords castle or manor and usually began around eleven in the morning. The tables were full of color and decoration. Beautiful tapestries hung from the walls. The Great Hall at one end had a raised platform (like a stage) called a dais. On the dais there would be a table where the lord, his family, and the most important guests sat. All the other tables were set perpendicular to the dais. Musicians (called minstrels) sat in a gallery ( a type of balcony facing the Great Hall) and played a fanfare as the food was brought in by an army of servant. There were three servants that are the most important of all: the carver, cupbearer, and sewers. The carver cut up the different meats while the cupbearer carried the cup to anyone who wanted a drink. Only the lord had his own cup, everyone else shared. Sewers served the food and made sure everyone was near a trencher, a plate made of stale bread from which everyone ate their food. The food was divided into portions called messes and shared among several people. Very important people had their own portions. The Middle Ages was not the cleanest time period in history. Usually, when a cook gave instructions, it included the phrase put your hand into ...

The Sengoku Period in Japanese History

The Sengoku Period in Japanese History The Sengoku was a century-long period of political upheaval and warlordism in Japan, lasting from the Onin War of 1467–77 through the reunification of the country around 1598. It was a lawless era of civil war, in which the feudal lords of Japan fought one another in endless plays for land and power. Although the political entities that were fighting were actually just domains, the Sengoku is sometimes referred to as Japans Warring States Period. Pronunciation:  sen-GOH-kooAlso known  as:  sengoku-jidai, Warring States Period The Onin War The Onin War that initiated the Sengoku was fought over a disputed succession in the Ashikaga Shogunate; in the end, nobody won. For the next century and a half, local daimyo or warlords vied for control over the different regions of Japan. Unification Japans Three Unifiers brought the Sengoku Era to an end. First, Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582) conquered many other warlords, beginning the process of unification through military brilliance and sheer ruthlessness. His general Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536–598) continued the pacification after Nobunaga was killed, using a somewhat more diplomatic but equally pitiless set of tactics. Finally, yet another Oda general named Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542–1616) defeated all opposition in 1601 and established the stable Tokugawa Shogunate, which ruled until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Although the Sengoku Period ended with the rise of the Tokugawa, it continues to color the imaginations and the popular culture of Japan to this day. Characters and themes from the Sengoku are evident in manga and anime, keeping this era alive in the memories of modern-day Japanese people.

Liquid Level Detection by Using Optical Sensors in Riyadh Wastewater Dissertation

Liquid Level Detection by Using Optical Sensors in Riyadh Wastewater Treatment Station - Dissertation Example C Damping coefficient ODEs Second order linear r Root of equation Acknowledgment I would like to thank my supervisor Professor Gui Tian strongly for being supportive and an excellent guidance throughout the duration of this work. My thanks must also go to Professor Matthew Armstrong for his advice regarding the control part of this project on. I would like to thank yassir Ali Bouraee for helping me in the fluid system control. List of contents Abstract......................................................................................... 1 List of Symbols and Acronyms...................................................... 3 Acknowledgements.............................................................................. 4 List of contents..................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1:Background 7 1.1 Introduction 1.2.1 What are wastewater treatment stations ....................... 9 1,2.2 What are the wastewater sources 1.2.3 What are the wastewater release gases Chapter 2: literature review 10 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The principle of liquid level detection and importance 2.3 Point liquid level detections techniques................................. 13 2.3.1 Magnetic and Mechanical float level sensors 2.3.2 Pneumatic level sensors 2.3.3 Conductive level... The main aim of this project is to find the proper liquid level sensors between these two sensors for working in Riyadh wastewater treatment station. By the end of the project, one of the main reason which causes a problem to the ultrasonic level sensors at Riyadh station came up which is a high temperature or temperatures Variety. According to Monitoring weather center in Riyadh, the average temperature at the summer time between 40-55 degree in the day time and the moisture in Riyadh is very low. Therefore the ultrasonic sensor might get affected by the Variety of temperatures or high temperature. As result of low moisture and high temperatures, I think the proper sensor for Riyadh wastewater station is the optical infrared sensors. In part of characteristics consideration for both sensors to select the suitable one for wastewater environment, the accuracy of the optical sensor for detecting the distance between the sensor and the liquid level is noticed even though the variations of surrounding temperature and sunlight intensity. The sensor was affected by dirt and misroute. The ultrasonic sensor is able to detect the distance even though the variations in moisture content, dirt and surrounding sunlight intensity. And, the sensor was severely affected by the difference of the surrounding temperature. Finally, both sensors can be used as distance detection sensor in the wastewater treatment field,† if a careful consideration is given to the characteristics of both sensors with improvement on problems pointed out in this study†.

Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions model in relation to Jordanian culture Essay

Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions model in relation to Jordanian culture - Essay Example The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is one such nation in the Arab world which is currently promoting itself as an attractive venue for Foreign Direct Investments, especially in the Information & Communication Technology (ITC) industry and the tourism industry (Al-Jaghoub & Westrup 2003). Lead by the charismatic leader, King Abdullah, the country is poised today to capitalize from the growing world market for software and information technology products, which can be catered through the abundance of high caliber human capital endowment the country is in possessing with. The aim is to attract companies from America and Europe in to investing in the country’s ITC sector and act as a hub for ITC activities in the region to cater the needs of not only the US and European customers but also the rest of the Arab world (REACH 2000). However, the success of these cross-cultural FDI ventures and other forms of business dealings depend heavily upon how well the host country and the investi ng country manage to integrate their operations and manage their human resource in to high performance. Therefore such business ventures require a high level of awareness and sensitivity to the diverse national cultures, which bears upon the manner in which business dealings are conducted. Success of cross-cultural business dealings will depend upon a deep understanding of the national cultures and a mutual respect, which should form the backbone of all forms of business strategies including the HRM strategies (Hill 2003).

The Mystery of the Mummys Curse Essay Example for Free

The Mystery of the Mummys Curse Essay The purpose of this essay is to explain the mystery behind â€Å"the mummy’s curse†. I will do this by first explaining the theory that some believe to be â€Å"the curse of the pharaoh†. Secondly, I will discuss the scientific theories behind the mysterious deaths of the men who were present at the opening of King Tutankhamen’s tomb. Finally, I will conclude with the theory I believe to be true. The first theory, I will discuss is the urban myth about â€Å"the mummy’s curse†. There was a message outside of the tomb that was translated to say â€Å"Death Shall Come on Swift Wings to Him Who Disturbs the Peace of the King†. Legend has it that anyone who dared open the tomb would suffer the wrath of the mummy. A series of unfortunate events suddenly began to affect the men who entered first. Some became ill, others even died. There were many other events that occurred that some believe explains â€Å"the curse†. My second theory would be the scientific explanation behind the mysterious deaths. In 1986, Dr. Caroline Stinger-Phillip discovered the mystery behind the deaths. There seem to be mold growing on the walls of the tomb. The dust particles from the mold had a high allergenic potency. These men who entered the tomb first suffered an allergic reaction, symptoms from the reaction, was probably the cause of their deaths Recent findings give a more convincing explanation of â€Å"the curse of the mummy†. Finally, I conclude with the theory I believe correct, the scientific theory. I do not believe in myths or urban legends. In my opinion, the science in how they inhaled the mold spores, showed symptoms of the allergic reaction, and then going untreated, explains the men’s deaths. Everything else, I feel is pure coincidence.

Uncovering Teachers’ Varying Views on Reading and Writing Instruction

Through an exploratory study, authors Poulson, Avramidis, Fox, Medwell and Wray, investigated how 225 effective teachers of literacy viewed certain literacy approaches/strategies and considered how their educational backgrounds influenced these views. This study also included a group composed of 71 math coordinators, which served as a comparison to the effective teachers of literacy. The instructional views of the effective teachers of literacy were compared to the instructional views of the math coordinators. Having a profession in research or education gives these authors authority to write about and share information on this topic of study. Poulson, Fox, and Medwell are education lecturers at universities. Avramidis is a â€Å"Research Fellow† and Wray is an education professor. The authors’ work experience gives credibility to this study. This study conducted in 1996-1998, appeared in a 2001 edition of Research Papers in Education. This article critique provides a s ummary of the exploratory study, discusses the relevance of the study to the classroom and determines how these authors define â€Å"literacy.† Content Summary This exploratory study sought to reveal effective teachers’ views of teaching reading and writing, in correspondence to their qualifications, and furthermore, compare the effective teachers’ views to a group of math coordinators. This exploratory study involved 225 effective teachers of literacy and 71 math coordinators, which served as a comparison group. The comparison group incorporated various levels of effectiveness (some were considered to be more effective than others). The teachers were selected from primary schools in Britain. The qualifications of the participants included â€Å"effective teachers’ education... ...r own views impact their reading and writing instruction. I determined that the literacy definition present in this study is reading and writing; reading by decoding words, previewing and repeating new words, and guessing unfamiliar words and writing by focusing on content versus correct spelling, varying the intended audience, and considering elements of presentation. I would recommend this study to any grade level teacher, literacy coach, or curriculum developer. After reading this article, these individuals could reflect on how their own views could be influencing their instruction. Works Cited Poulson, L., Avramidis, E., Fox, R., Medwell, J., & Wray, D. (2001). The theoretical beliefs of effective teachers of literacy in primary schools: An exploratory study of orientations to reading and writing. Research Papers in Education, 16(3), 271-292.

A Comparison of the American and the Japanese Health Care Systems

Both the United States and Japan are part of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, an organization composed of industrialized countries) and as such both countries are under the pressure to live up to a certain median when it comes to the quality of health care. Apart from the median created by OECD countries, the US and Japan are also equally pressured by such organizations as the World Health Organization (WHO) that sets up checklists for good health care systems. In a report last 2000 on the health care systems of 191 countries, WHO set some goals for a health care system.These goals are the following: good health, responsiveness, and fairness in financing (WHO in Bureau of Labor Education of the University of Maine 2001, 1). By â€Å"good health† WHO refers to the good health status of the entire population although out the human being’s life cycle. â€Å"Responsiveness,† on the other hand, refers to â€Å"the extent to which careg ivers are responsive to the client/patient expectations with regard to non-health areas such as being treated with dignity and respect† (Bureau of Labor and Education o the University of Maine 2001, 6).Fairness in financing generally refers to the progressiveness of the health care system wherein those who have less are also to spend less on medical care. These goals shall be utilized to evaluate and compare the Japanese and the American health care systems. But before an effective evaluation and comparison could be done, it will be important to individually describe the health care systems of these two countries. As such, this paper shall consist o the following parts: a description of the American health care system; a description of the Japanese health care system; an evaluation and the comparison of the two health care systems.The American Health Care System A. The Framework of the American Health Care System The American Health Care System could best be illustrated using figure 1. In figure 1, it could be noted that there are two insurance systems in America, public and private. Public insurance system refers to Medicare, Medicaid, the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (S-CHIP), and the Veteran’s Administration (VA). Private insurance system, on the other hand, refers to either employer-sponsored insurance or private non-group insurance. We shall discuss each of these types.Medicare is a federal program that insures seniors aged 65 and above as well as some disabled individuals (Chua 2006, 2). This is a single-payer, government-administered program that covers hospital services, physician services, as well as prescription drug services (Chua 2006, 2). Medicare is financed three ways: federal income taxes, payroll tax (paid both by employers and employees), and individual enrollee premiums (Chua 2006, 2). There are individual enrollee premiums because even if Medicare provides the above-mentioned services, there are still import ant services that are not covered without the premium coverage.These premium services include nursing facilities; preventive care coverage; and coverage for dental, hearing, or vision care. This means that the elderly who are covered by Medicare would many times still need to avail of premium services and as such, they contribute a total of 22% of their income for the cost of health care (Chua 2006, 2). Medicaid is a state-administered health insurance program that provides coverage to low income citizens and disabled; specifically, this insurance â€Å"covers very poor pregnant women, children, disabled, and parents† (Chua 2006, 2).As for its administration, Medicaid is paid for by the state and the federal government. At the very least, the federal government pays $1 for every dollar that the state pays for (Chua 2006, 2). Unlike Medicare, Medicaid offers a more comprehensive health benefits. S-CHIP is like Medicaid as regards administration but it is specifically for child ren whose parents do not qualify for Medicaid due to their income but still do not make enough money to provide insurance for their children. VA is a state-sponsored health insurance service for the veterans of the military.This insurance provides comprehensive health benefits that make the veteran spend almost nothing for health care. Employer-sponsored insurance refers to private health insurance services the premium of which are largely paid for by employers. Under this system are the many organizations that offer health maintenance (HMOs). This is where corporations like Aetna and Kaiser Permanente fall. The coverage offered as well as the degree of co-sharing by the different HMOs differ also (Chua 2006, 3).Private non-group health insurance is the sort of insurance availed by those who are self-employed and those that could not avail of employer-sponsored insurance. This sort of insurance allows the insurance company to impose rules regarding pre-existing conditions. Usually, pre-existing conditions are not covered by the insurance. This sort of insurance is fully administered by the HMOs and the benefits vary widely as well. B. Characteristics and Problems of the American Health Care System The American Health Care System is mostly a combination and interaction of public and private entities.This is most exemplified by the two general types of health insurance services: the public and the private. This fact could be demonstrated by a 2003 statistics on Health Insurance Coverage of the nonelderly (in Chua 2006, 1). This statistics shows that 62% of nonelderly Americans receive private employer-sponsored insurance, while 5% purchase their insurance in the market (Chua 2006, 1). 18% of these nonelderly individuals are in public insurance like Medicaid or Medicare, while the remaining 15% are uninsured (Chua 2006, 1).Elderly Americans aged 65 years and above are mostly insured through Medicaid (Chua 2006, 1). Or, better yet, we might as well look at statist ics from the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid represented as a pie graph in figure 2(American Hospital Association 2005, 6). In the 2003 statistics on the â€Å"Distribution of US Health Care Expenditures by Payer Source,† of the total $1. 7 trillion expenditures on health care, more than half are paid for by private entities. The lion’s share goes to private insurance. In this statistics, 35.8% are paid for by private insurance (American Hospital Association 2005, 6). Consumer’s out-of-pocket spending on health care account for 13. 7% of the 2003 health care expenditure, while other private expenditure account for 4. 8% of the expenditure. Medicare, a government health insurance system, pays for 17% of health care expenses, while Medicaid, another government health insurance system, shoulders 16% of the expenditure. The remaining 12. 7% of expenditure is paid for by other government systems like the S-CHIP and VA (Centers American Hospital Association 2005, 6; Chua 2006, 2).As such, we could see that the American Health Care System’s expenditure is more than 50% private. In spite of the big percentage in the budget that the federal government allots to health care, probably the biggest budget allotment in the OECD countries, a big percentage of health expenditures is handled by private entities. It is worth mentioning that America is spending on the average 15% of its GDP on health care when the average on OECD countries is only 8. 6% (Chua 2006, 5).This also means that America has the highest per capita spending on health care compared to other OECD Countries. It was documented that almost 10 years ago, the US was already the biggest per capita spender among its OECD colleagues. It spent $4,178 per capita while Switzerland, then second to the US on per capita spending, spent only $2794 per capita on health care. In spite of the big role of private entities and the high percentage in budget that health care system has, a big percen tage of non-elderly adults are uninsured (15% are uninsured as we saw above).This means that millions of adults in the working age have to spend their own money for health services. This also means that probably America is the only developed country that does not provide health services to all its citizens (Bureau of Labor Education in the University of Maine 2001, 3). Another problem is the fact that the United States has a high infant mortality rate compared to the other OECD counties. In fact, the United States ranked 26th in infant mortality rate among the industrialized countries (Bureau of Labor Education in the University of Maine 2001, 5).Neither did America rank well in disability-adjusted life expectancy ranking 24th among OECD countries (Bureau of Labor Education in the University of Maine 2001, 5). This means that a number of Americans expect to live parts of their lives in disability which probably is a consequence of not having access to health care (as a big percentag e of nonelderly are uninsured). Aside from these problems, American health care is also characterized by a deficit in resources as most emergency departments in hospitals report of being â€Å"at† or â€Å"over† capacity (American Hospital Association 2005, 25).In figure 3, we could see a bar graph showing how some hospitals (especially teaching hospitals) could be at 43% beyond capacity. Such a lack could be accounted for largely by the lack of critical care beds, and not necessarily by overcrowding, in these emergency departments (American Hospital Association 2005, 27). This would mean that a number of hospitals, both in their emergency departments and intensive care units, would need to spend time on diversion (American Hospital Association 2005, 26). These are all ironical problems in a country that is supposed to be most advanced in economy and technology.The Japanese Health Care System A. The Framework of the Japanese Health Care System The Japanese Health Care System, in contrast to the American system, offers coverage for all the citizens. This system offers services that are fairly comprehensive. Currently, the Japanese Health Care System provides â€Å"a basic package of benefits (including medical consultation, drugs, and other materials; medical treatment, surgery, and other services; home care treatment and nursing; and hospitalization and nursing at medical institutions) and they may offer additional benefits (e.g. , funeral benefits, maternity allowances) under the collective scheme† (Ward and Piccolo 2004). This system is best illustrated by figure 4. Health services are paid for in four ways: health insurance contributions, by patient co-payments, by taxes, and by out-of-pocket payments (Jeong and Hurst 2001, 10). Health services are given by providers which could be categorized according to the following: hospitals, doctors’ clinics, health centers, and pharmacies. Most hospitals are categorized as general hospita ls which mean that beds are allocated for long term care.These hospitals are closed to doctors who have clinics, these clinics being capable of minimum bed capacity of 12 (Jeong and Hurst 2001, 11) and may have the latest medical devices needed for diagnosis. Pharmacies may have their own doctors who may dispense their own prognoses and prescriptions. Nursing services are also considered as health providers. The insurance services, though provided by more or less 5,000 HMOs, are largely non-autonomous non-governmental bodies (Jeong and Hurst 2001, 13). These HMOs are basically in charge of operating the compulsory national health insurance system (Jeong and Hurst 2001, 13).These HMOs experience control by the national and local governments. In fact, even doctors’ fees as well as other health services fees are standardized. The Japanese Health Care System may be categorized into two big divisions: the Social Insurance System (SIS) and the National Health Insurance (NHI) (Ward and Piccolo 2004). People are assigned to a health insurance such that those who are working in a company or office are assigned in the SIS, while everyone else who cannot be classified as working in a company or office (including self-employed professionals) should fall under the NHI (Ward and Piccolo 2004).63% of the population is insured under the SIS. Under the SIS, employers pay 50 to 80% of the premium while employees, depending on their income, pay around 8. 5% of their income for health insurance premium. In this system, the insured and their dependents pay 20-30% of in-patient and out-patient costs, at the same time act as co-payers in prescription drugs (Ward and Piccolo 2004). The NIH system, on the other hand, covers the remaining 37% of the population. Premiums paid by the insured depend on incomes and assets. The insured as well as their dependents are required to be co-payers of 30% of the cost.In spite of the requirement for co-payment, Japan offers a co-payment cap: â€Å"The cap is at ? 63,600 (US$600) per month, with the average monthly disposable income being ? 561,000 (US$5,300)† (Ward and Piccolo 2004). In addition, those who are elderly may benefit from long-term insurance which covers 90% of long-term maintenance costs. B. Problems with the Japanese Health Care System The Japanese Health Care System boasts of having state-of-the-art equipment accessible to its citizens. In fact, Japan has the highest CT and MRI scanners per capita among all countries.Japan also has low infant mortality rate in spite of lower GDP spending (7. 6%) for health care, well within the OECD median (Ward and Piccolo 2004). Japan is also able to provide co-payment cap though like the United States, Japan’s health system is also highly paid for by private entities: â€Å"Japan spent ? 29. 8 trillion (US$280 billion) on healthcare, of which 53% was covered by insurance, 32. 3% by the government, and 14. 8% by patients' co-payments† (Ward and Pi ccolo 2004). Nevertheless, the Japanese Health Care System has its own share of problems.For one, unlike in most Western countries, specialization does not matter as much as in America. What matters is where a doctor is affiliated, thus making the distinction between a general practitioner and a specialist blurred. This makes having a â€Å"family doctor† difficult to have and standardization difficult to come by (Jeong and Hurst 2001, 13). Also, Japan has 2 to 3 times longer hospitalization time compared to other countries which means that Japan would need more beds to accommodate patients (National Coalition on Health Care, 3).Probably the biggest problem that the system is facing is the increasing number of elderly population which would obviously strain (National Coalition on Health Care, 3). There is also the problem of weak preventive care as well as low public awareness on â€Å"taboo† illnesses such as HIV and AIDS (Ward and Piccolo 2004). Comparison Between th e Two Health Care Systems In the introduction, we spoke of the WHO requirement for good health, responsiveness, and fairness in financing. Let us evaluate the two systems based on these WHO goals.The American system, aside from the problems posed above, obviously lacks in its ability to provide â€Å"good health† for the entire population. For one, the American health care system does not cover the entire American population. There is just no mandate for such. The Japanese system is obviously different. Japan has a national mandate for universal coverage. This means that the Japanese system is made in such a way that all Japanese would have to fall into one of the two insurance systems.The fact that all Japanese are insured at the same time Japanese spending on health care against GNP is well within the OECD median is something that Americans would have to learn from. The very concept of a co-payment cap is a very good thing that makes health care more responsive to the call for â€Å"good health for the entire population. † As regards responsiveness, the fact that millions of Americans are uninsured automatically makes them not capable of even evaluating client/patient relations for issues such as dignity, respect, etcetera.Nevertheless, the Japanese system also has room for improvement as the existence of â€Å"taboo† sicknesses would obviously compromise the treatment of patients with dignity and respect. Lastly, as regards the requirement for fairness in financing, the Japanese system is way better than the American system. To a certain extent, the American system would make it difficult for certain parts of the population to be insured as they are not too poor to qualify for Medicaid but they are also not employed nor financially endowed enough to pay for private insurance. This is totally not a problem in the Japanese system.

tories, fairytales and myths

Stories, fairytales and myths that were created thousand years ago are relevant today. These folklores have provided the basis for some cultures and in some cultures is a way of life. Stories and fairytales are relevant today, because they often have hidden meanings, which are often times used as examples in everyday life.Take for instance the story of the Tortoise and the Hare, this story shows that being big and strong does not help you to win, but using your wits and your brain is what helps you to overcome certain things. It also teaches us today, that slow and steady won the race and it never pays to be in a hurry and brag about how good you are.The story of Cinderella is relevant to today’s society as, you still have a lot of Cinderalla’s around. Especially the part about the wicked stepmother and how her siblings treated her. This story of Cinderella is all too real within our present day society, and it is up to us to rescue the Cinderalla’s of our time.G reek mythologies are very important and relevant to today’s society. From the story of Pandora we have the concept of beautiful evil, which is still prevalent in our society. Pandora was the image of a perfect, beautiful woman, she was created to please the eye and deceive mankind.This idea of a ‘beautiful evil' is still present in today's society. In the mass media viewers are constantly bombarded with images of beautiful women in sexual roles and evil roles.Women are often portrayed as gifts to men and then become detrimental to them. This ‘good girl gone bad' image has its roots in Pandora's myth. Pandora was a perfect, beautiful woman when Epimetheus took her as his wife. But Pandora was a little too curious. Her weakness and inferior mind led her to open the container and release all of the evils onto mankind.Stories today form the basis of many cultures, as stories in some cultures are handed down from generation to generation, to teach life lessons and illu strate the folly of mankind. Often time’s stories are used as references and examples, when disciplining a troublesome child or are used as a way to inform a person of the consequences of their actions. An example of this is the story of the Boy Who Cried Wolf. This little boy cried wolf so many times that he was not believed when the wolf actually came and took the sheep.This serves as a lesson to would be liars, children and even adults who like to play pranks. The moral of the story is that, sometimes when you lie or make things up a lot, it is very hard for anyone to believe you. In the end the young boy learned his lesson.Some people argue that stories, fairytales and myths are rubbish and have no relevance in today’s society, but in my opinion, they do give relevance to the meaning of life, and what it is to love and live. You can live and not be happy. Fairytales especially, the ones like Cinderella make you believe in happy endings. Happy endings still exist to day, regardless of what people think.The story of Hansel and Gretel has a moral to it, that appearances are deceiving. This is very true in today’s society. Appearances among people are very deceiving and often times, you get trapped by the very person that seems to want to help you, only to destroy or try to destroy you in the end.To me the fairytale of Hansel and Gretel speak of caution and cautions people to beware of who they are around. I also think that Hansel and Gretel is a great story for teaching children not to trust strangers and to be aware of the people they are around. In conclusion, stories, fairytales, and myths are just as relevant a today as they were thousands of years ago.Works CitedTyree, R. (1998). Pandora. Retrieved April 15, 2008, from http://www.arthistory.sbc.edu/imageswomen/papers/tyreepandora/pandora.html   

Death penalty misc14 essays

Death penalty misc14 essays December 12, 1984, the first jolt failed to kill Alpha Otis Stephens, he struggled for eight minutes before a second jolt finished the job. The first jolt took two minutes, and then there was a six-minute pause. During this six-minute pause body could cool before physicians could examine him and declare that another jolt was needed. Stephens took 23 breaths, during that six-minute interval. Such incidents prove that the death penalty constitutes cruel and unusual punishment and should be replaced by life in prison. The following reasons prove that the death penalty harms rather than helps any quest for a just, humane society. The Bible requires the death penalty for a wide variety of crimes, including sex before marriage, adultery, and homosexual behavior, doing work on Saturday and murder.Somehow people became more tolerant; they eliminated the death penalty for several sins. Sins such as the following: People might as well eliminate the death penalty for murder as well. In fact, according to the Bible an individual who dies without being "saved" (during an execution) will go to Hell for eternal punishment. By killing the person, we are eliminating some individuals' chance for salvation. Human life has intrinsic value, even if a person has murdered another. Nobody should ever be killed, even by the state. Moreover, human beings such as the poor, males, and racial minorities are over-represented among those executed. A study of over 2 dozen convicted criminals on death row found that all had been so seriously abused during childhood that they probably all suffered from brain damage. To further this subject, women convicted of murder are almost never executed. For instance, in March 1998 Judy Beenano aged 54 in Florida, was called the "Black Widow" for poisoning her husband, drowning her son and trying to blow up her fianc ...

How to Use the French Expression Pas de Problème

How to Use the French Expression Pas de Problà ¨me The French expression  pas de problà ¨me  (pronounced pa-deu-pruh-blem) is one that youll hear in any laid-back conversation. Literally translated, the phrase means not any problem, but any English speaker will recognize it as no problem or no worries. Its a handy phrase to know and considered  acceptable etiquette in informal speech as a means of apologizing or acknowledging an apology, as well as putting someone at ease after a gaffe. The formal version of this phrase,  il ny a pas de problà ¨me, is also acceptable in any situation. Examples Excuse-moi pour mon impatience.   Im sorry for my impatience.Pas de problà ¨me.   No problem, dont worry about it. Cest pas vrai ! Jai oublià © mon portefeuille. Oh no, I forget my wallet.Pas de problà ¨me, je tinvite.   No problem, its my treat. You can also use pas de problà ¨me to ask whether theres an issue regarding something specific: Question argent / travail, tu nas pas de problà ¨me?   Are you OK for money/work? Question temps, on na pas de problà ¨me  ?  Are we OK for time? Related Expressions Cela ne me / nous / lui pose pas de problà ¨me.   Thats no problem for me / us / him.Il / Elle na pas de problà ¨me de compte en banque  !   He / She is laughing all the way to the bank!Pas de problà ¨me, cest sur mon chemin.  Ã‚   No problem, its on my way.Pas de problà ¨me! No trouble at all!Les assurances vont tout rembourser,  pas de probleme.   The policy will cover it. Thats  not a problem.  Tu sais, si je dois partir demain, je pense que ca ne poserait  pas de probleme.   You know, if it all ended tomorrow, I think Id  be okay.Si à §a ne vous fait rien. -  Pas de problà ¨me.  Ã‚  If you dont mind. -  Fine. Synonymous Expressions Ça va. Its okCe nest pas grave. No problem. (literally, its not serious)Cela ne fait / prà ©sente aucune difficultà © Its ok.Il ny a aucun mal.  Ã‚  No harm done.Tout va bien. Its ok. (literally, everything is going well)(informal)   laise!   No prob! (literally, easily)(informal) Pas de souci.  Ã‚  No worries.(informal) Y a pas de là ©zard!  Ã‚  No prob! (literally, theres no lizard)(formal) Qu cela ne tienne. That is not a problem. (literally, upon that may it not depend)

Dating in the Workplace is not Ethical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dating in the Workplace is not Ethical - Essay Example The reason being that â€Å"he had an affair with a female employee† which was not in agreement with the company’s Code of Conduct. The practice of dating happens much often in the workplace setting. People meet each other and get interested in each others’ lives and hobbies, and finally develop relationships. Workplaces are the offline social networks as opposed to the online social networks. Men and women get into contact and start seeing each other. Workplace happens to be a convenient place to go find a suitable person because an employee might not have extra time to spend somewhere else looking for one. However, working in a company does not necessarily mean that one is going to find his soul mate; instead, one is supposed to work toward the establishment of organizational goals and must not jump into relationships because honesty is rare. â€Å"Don’t dip your pen in the company ink!†, is an old saying Gardner quotes in his article. Experts adv ise employees not to date because there are many ethical issues related to it. There are cons of workplace dating that outweigh the pros. But the bitter reality is that employees will not stop dating each other. Let us now discuss the ethical considerations that come with the issue of workplace dating. Ethical Considerations Dr. ... But he decided to make it more than a professional relationship.† This means that although it is perfectly normal to develop a professional relationship between men and women at the workplace, yet it is not suitable by any means to make the relationship personal. Many companies even follow a Code of Conduct that all employees must have to abide by, which prohibits them to date at the workplace. Siegel further asserts that coworker relationships are not that much of an issue as hierarchical relationships like between a boss and a subordinate. When such a relationship develops, it is time for one of the two to quit the job because they are many ethical considerations that are being disturbed. Mixing of sex and power is not at all favorable for the reputation and success of the company in the long run. Sexual Harassment Although workplaces are great places for people to meet and develop relationships, yet an increase in the number of sexual harassment lawsuits warns employees not to develop hasty relationships through dating (Covey and Narvell 130). There are strict penalties for sexual harassment at work and reputed companies do not bear such employees. A male employee may be charged as a sexual harasser if, for example, he has been in a relationship with a female co-employee and after a break-up, still goes after her to patch things up. The latter may file a lawsuit against him for sexual harassment. Also, in case of hierarchical-based relationships, when a boss dates his secretary, for example, then it is not at all necessary that the relationship is mutually consented because there is element of power in it which cannot be ignored. Law will tend to protect the subordinate rather than the boss if at any point in time the former one files a

Should U.S. Military keep staying in South Korea Essay

Should U.S. Military keep staying in South Korea - Essay Example Contrary to the claims of the Bush Administration, they did not perceive of the U.S. military as a force of liberation and a symbol of freedom but as an aggressor who violated international laws through uninvited entry into a sovereign nation. While the Iraqi scenario is, arguably, typical of attitudes towards foreign military presence in a sovereign nation, the case of South Korea is somewhat different. South Korea is a sovereign nation whose sovereignty is not threatened by the U.S, military but ensured and protected through its continued presence. Despite the fact that some within South Korea are arguing in favour of the departure of the American military, the historical contribution of the U.S. military to South Korea and the role that it plays in the securitization of the nation support its continued presence. The majority of South Koreans, including President Roh and his government, are in favour of a U.S, military withdrawal from South Korea. The United States, according to Richard Halloran (2006), the military correspondent for the New York Times, is complying with the South Korean demand for withdrawal and has already begun phasing out its military forces in the country. The United States argues that its decision is based on a number of considerations. These include the Iraq and Afghanistan wars and the resultant pressure they have placed on US military forces; the United States' belief that South Korea is finally in a position to assume responsibility for its own national defence; and South Korean public opinion (Halloran, 2006). Indeed, a recent public opinion poll has indicated that the majority of South Koreans are strongly in favour of U.S. military withdrawal and both the President and the government have repeatedly expressed the imperatives of U.S. military withdrawal from the country (Holloran, 2006). It is for these reasons that the United States has commenced military withdrawal from South Korea. A review of the historical contribution which the United States military has made to South Korea's stability, national security and evolution into a democratic nation supports arguments against withdrawal. The history of the US military presence in South Korea stretches back to 1945 when, at the conclusion of World War II, the American forces liberated the Korean Peninsula. As Yang, a Korean political scientist and author of North and South Korean Political Systems: A Comparative Analysis explains, prior to the American military liberation of Korea, the Peninsula had suffered 35 years of brutal Japanese military occupation. During those thirty-five years, the Japanese attempted to obliterate the Korean identity, exploited the nation and abused its population and, more importantly, completely undermined and annihilated the very notion of Korean sovereignty. While conceding to the fact that the United States hardly attempted to intervene in this situation prior to World War II, the fac t is that its eventual comprehension of the Japanese military threat motivated intervention in favour of the Korean Peninsula. Indeed, were it not for the United States' military, the Korean Peninsula is quite unlikely to have regained its sovereignty and independence as early as 1945 (Yang, 2004). In other words, US military intervention has played a profoundly constructive role in the country's history. Apart from its

Four Goals of Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Four Goals of Psychology - Essay Example 17). With that distinction, psychology becomes an integral discipline that has goals to unravel information about the mind. In connection to the direction and progress of the study of the mind, four goals will be presented in the paper regarding psychology. Each will be elaborated and their advantages and disadvantages will be explored. The author then will take a position as to whether the goals are helpful or harmful to human beings supported by facts. The four goals of psychology are description, explanation, prediction, and behavioral change (Plotnik and Kouyoumdjian, 2010, p. 4). Description pertains to the objective of psychology to provide the details of the mind, behavior and motivation of people (Cutler and Penrod, 1995, p. 57). It also explores deep into the attitudes and emotions by conducting studies through surveys, observations, interviews and experimentation with the aid of equipment. On the other hand, explanation is the next step after description. It allows the psychologists to provide the information and analysis to other people and putting rational judgments on their findings (Plotnik and Kouyoumdjian, 2010, p. 4). Usually generalization is done to create principles and theories that will hold true for the majority of the findings. After explanation comes prediction which is an intelligent guess and differs from wild guess as the former makes use of science and past findings to predict the future. In the case of psychology, prediction is done based on the data or principles regarding past behaviors and attitudes (Cutler and Penrod, 1995, p. 58). With prediction, it allows people to make more accurate decisions. The last goal is behavioral change and it pertains to the act of intervening with the habits and actions of people using the techniques based on the findings about the workings of the mind (Plotnik and Kouyoumdjian, 2010, p. 4). The advantages of psychology then are easily seen as the

Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Oil and gas exploration and production activities have increased tremendously as petroleum has become the backbone of the worlds economy. The industry has expanded significantly throughout the world. As the oil and gas industry enlarges throughout the world, its impacts on lives and environment have been appalling. Numerous spills, fires, toxic emissions, blowouts and personnel injuries have been recorded in recent times in the oil industry. The most recent one is the Macondo disaster with its tragic loss of life, devastating impact on the Gulf Coast and financial loss to the companies involved. Culpable companies have lost billions of dollars due to lawsuits, compensations and oil spill clean-ups. This has led to some oil companies collapsing and others suffering credibility loss in the industry. Concerns about how HSE flaws are killing people, damaging properties, polluting the environment and killing businesses have been raised by stakeholders, workers and the general public. New reforms have been made with regulators making HSE a business case for companies more especially small-to medium- sized companies. Managers of these small to medium companies must have a company policy of achieving environmental and business goals through HSE. Legislation should be made with full compliance by both employers and employees. There should be performance monitoring and continual improvement in these policies. However, the success of whichever process or system in place still hinges on the attitudes and behaviours of people in the company[Health safety Executive, 2011]. This report elaborates on the need to incorporate HSE into business and describes how good HSE management system could be implemented by small- to medium- sized oil businesses. 1.0 Introduction The major aim of employing HSE in business is to take advanced precautions against workplace accidents, environmental impacts as well as financial losses due to accidents and environmental pollutions. A companys attitude towards HSE affects the workforce, surrounding environment and business productivity. The decision to integrate HSE into business is a high level policy direction of a company. Many businesses adopted this tool and have made tremendous gains. It is on this premises that this report seeks to highlight the need for small- to medium- size oil companies to inccorparate HSE into business irrespective of the cost. The report also describes how HSE management systems could be implemented. Small-to medium-sized companies should not see spending money on HSE as expensive add on to companys budget but a profitable investment. These companies should forecast the benefits that could be reaped in future. This analysis will give an opportunity to compare the financial costs involved in the implementation of HSE management systems and benefits reaped after implementation. The method of HSE implementation should be understandable and practical to all the people that are affected by these systems. An important necessity is that, the management systems at all levels must be clearly defined in a written document that is available to all. 2.0 Discussion Small to medium size Oil Companies should integrate HSE into business as bottom-line of business success. Managers must first consider the economic influence that accidents and environmental pollutions have on the business before taking this decision. 2.1 Costs versus Benefit Managers have to analyse how much it will cost the business to introduce HSE management system and the cost of accident or environmental pollution if it occurred. The cost of implementing HSE management systems could be high. Indeed running a good HSE systems come with higher costs. These costs should be seen as investment but not liabilities because the business turns to gain greatly if the objectives of running such systems are achieved. Cost and benefit analysis on the implementation of HSE management systems will always prove that safety is good business [Offshore Contractors Association, 2003] 2.2 Objectives of HSE in Business HSE is incorporated into business with the aim of: A safer working environment Improved morale and motivation amongst workers A healthier working environment Increased performance levels Avoiding civil claims, court fines and litigations Reducing insurance cost Reducing sickness and accidents Reducing impacts to the environment. Improving public image Increasing growth Conforming to standards and regulations in the industry. [OCA, 2003] 2.3 Health, Safety and Environment Management System HSE Management systems ensure that HSE issues are systematically identified, controlled and monitored within the business. 2.4 Policy Proper HSE management require an HSE policy statement, stating the companys commitment to the health and safety of workers as well the environment. Management must demonstrate high commitment to this framework, setting HSE in perspective with business objectives. The policy statement should serve as the foundation for the implementation of the HSE management system. It should be the basis of any HSE decisions and actions. Employers and employees must understand this framework and what is require of them in order to realise the business targets. To make the HSE policy effective, management and employees must be committed to it. The policy statement should outline the obligations and answerability of management and supervisors as well as employees. The policy must be subjected to continual review. HSE program has to be developed to meet the objectives and commitments of the HSE policy. 2.5 Hazards Identification and Risk Assessment To ensure that HSE becomes a business culture, management must develop structures and systems which are intended to control risk based on hazard identification and risk assessment. Anything or practices that have the potential to harm life, health, environment and properties should be identified. Some hazards are easily identifiable because they are common to the industry where as others are not. Managers must involve the employees in the hazards identification because they are the people which are affected directly by these hazards. They should enquire from them which of the machines, equipment, procedures and practices endanger their lives. They should also consult environmental specialists to know which of their actions and operations pose dangers to the environment. Managers should check through workplace accident records to find out which of the companys operations have been causing injuries and fatalities over the years. Identified hazards must be assessed to know the seriousness of each one of them and measures to control these hazards should be decided. Controlling the risks associated with these identified hazards, reduce ill health and accidents at the work place. Managers and employees should continually look for hazards at the workplace because some hazards are only discovered with time such as sicknesses caused by long- term exposure to certain radiations and chemicals. The hazards discovered must be ranked as being High, Medium or Low to know the best action to take in each case. 2.6 Risk Management and Implementation Measures have to be adopted to get rid of hazards or minimize them. For example if risk involves hazardous chemicals, it should be replaced with an alternative chemical less harmful. In other cases, the use of alternative work methods, design improvements, change of process can eliminate the risk. Management should involve employees in the entire process of risk management. They should ask workers of any possible solution before it is implemented. They should check that, the measures taking do not cause any new unforeseen hazards. 2.7 Measuring performance The degree of success of the HSE management systems should be established. Management should evaluate the systems to know if the objectives of implementation is being realised. Performance measuring would help management to collect and analyse information about flaws in the HSE management systems. Injuries and accidents should be investigated thoroughly to know their cause. Measures should be made to prevent such accidents and injuries from occurring again. Management should make sure there is regular check on safety equipment to make sure all these are functioning well. If a flaw is detected in any of the safety equipment, it should be repaired or replaced with a new one. 2.8 Reviewing performance and auditing Auditing gives management the opportunity to collect information on the efficiency, effectiveness and reliability of the HSE management system. Auditing enable management to ensure that companys policy is being carried out and the desired impact is being made. There should be regular auditing to assess the systems to know the level of success chalk with the implementation of the system. Any poor practise uncovered should be dealt with. 3.0 Justification/Benefits of HSE It really makes a good business sense to invest in HSE initiatives because the returns are enormous. HSE initiatives protect business from financial losses linked to safety and environmental problems. Lawsuits or fines emanating from accidents are avoided. Such cost can impose an enormous burden on the business. For example, HSE mismanagement led to the death of 15 workers and 108 people in the march 2005, Texas City refinery blast. The CBSs,2007 investigation report highlighted safety culture, regulatory oversight, process safety metrics and human factor as the main cause of the disaster. The report also states that Cost cutting and failure to invest in the 1990s by Amoco and then BP left the Texas City refinery vulnerable to a catastrophe [National Wildlife Federations report, 2010] Many businesses which suffer major accidents struggle to remain in business and usually end up collapsing or trading their assets off. The Texas Refinery after the blast struggled to come back to operation due to huge financial burden on the company. Eventually, the refinery was sold to Marathon Petroleum Corporation in October 2012. Safety and health of workers yield quality output which translates to higher productivity and profit because lost work time due to sick leaves, absenteeism is significantly reduced. HSE in business increases morale of workers because if workers do not encounter frequent accidents at workplace, it motivates them to give their best output. Contrary, they will adopt a lukewarm attitude towards work if injuries are common in their working environment. Most workers would move to other companies because they feel unsafe. Company may lose competent workers and will impact negatively on productivity. There is also a reputation gain associated with good HSE records leading to business growth. A good reputation invites and retains clients. It makes a company enjoy repeat business from existing clients and also win new contracts ahead of their competitors. 4.0 Conclusion Small to medium sized oil companies in their attempt to grow business to a larger one should make Health, Safety and Environment initiatives, the prime item on their list of initiatives to achieve business goals. They should be concerned with the health and safety of workforce as well as the impacts the business makes on the environment, because the occurrence of a major accident would be detrimental. The financial consequences of an accident coupled with the associated business disruption could force a heavy burden on the company. Some larger companies have suffered this in the past and could not survive. If any smaller company thinks, integrating and managing HSE systems in business is expensive, let them try accidents. Small to medium sized oil companies should know that prevention of accidents and pollutions is not only better but cheaper than cure. WORD COUNT: 1,820 References ALLAN, J.H., 1999. Health and Safety at Work. Fifth edition. Leicestershire: IOSH and IOSH Services Limited. WATERHOUSE P.,2002. Health and safety: Risk Management. second edition. Leicestershire: IOSH Services Limited. OFFSHORE CONTRACTING ASSOCIATION, 2003. Guidance Notes of Good Contracting Practice- HSE Guidance for SMEs.[online].Aberdeen: OCA. Available from: http:/www.ocainternet.com/publications/HSEguidanceforSMEs.pdf [Accessed 14 November 2012]. GREENSTREET, B., 2004. The development of case studies that demonstrate the business benefit of effective management of occupational health and safety: Research report 249,.[online]. Reading: Health Safety Executive. Available from: http:/www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr249.pdf [Accessed 12th November 2012] CHEMICAL SAFETY BOARD, 2007. Investigation Report-refinery explosion and fire.Reportno.2005-04-I-TX. [online]. Texas: CSBAvailable from:http:/www.csb.gov/assets/documents/CSBFinalReportBP.pdf. [Assessed 10th November 2012]. NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDRATION, 2010. Assault on America: A Decade of Petroleum Company Disaster, Pollution and Profit. [online]. US: NWF Available from: http:/www.motherjones.com/files/NWF_OilSpillsExplosions_pages.pdf [Accessed 19 November 2012]. HEALTH SAFETY EXECUTIVE, 2011. Huntsman Petrochemical.[online] UK: HSE. Available from:http:/www.hse.gov.uk/business/casestudy/huntsman.htm [Accessed 20 November 2012]. HEALTH SAFETY AND EXECUTIVE, 2011. Health and Safety made simple- The basics for your business. [online]. UK:HSE.  Available from:http:/www.hse.gov.uk/simple-health-safety/ [Accessed 30 October 2012]. MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION, 2012. Marathon Petroleum to purchase BPs Texas City Refinery [online] Ohio:MPC.  Available from:http://www.marathonpetroleum.com/News/Press_Releases/Press_Release/?id=1742579[Accessed 2nd November 2012]

Peru :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PERU- PROFILE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Location Country in west central South America, bounded on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil and Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The area of Peru, including several offshore islands, is 1,285,216 sq km (496,225 sq mi), making it third in size (after Brazil and Argentina) of South America countries. Lima is the country’s capital and chief commercial center. Topography Peru may be divided into three main topographical regions: The coastal plain, the sierra, and the Montana. The coastal plain is an arid, elongated stretch of land extending the entire length of the country and varying in wild from about 65 to 160 km. (about 40 to 100 mi) it is a northern extension of the Tacoma Desert of Chile. The plain has few adequate harbors. Most of the desert is so dry that only10 of the 52 rivers draining the Andean slopes to the Pacific Ocean have sufficient volume to maintain the flow across the desert and reach the coast. However, the coast is the economic center of Peru. Most of the Nation’s leading commercial and export crops grow in the 40 oases of the region. The sierra, an upland region with towering mountain ranges of the Andes, lofty plateaus, and deep gorges and valleys. The main range is the Cordillera Occidental; other ranges include the Cordillera Oriental, the Cordillera Central. The sierra, which covers 30 percent of the country’s land area, traverses the country from southeast and northwest. Several of the highest peaks in the world are located in the various sierra cordilleras and plateaus, notably Huascaran (6,768 m/22,205 ft), the highest in Peru. Lake Titicaca is in the southeast. In the northeast the sierra slopes downward to a vast, flat tropical jungle, the selvas, extending to the Brazilian border and forming part of the Amazon Basin. The mountain attains a maximum width of about 965 km (about 600 mi) in the north and constitutes some 60 percent of the Peruvian land area; it is covered with thick tropical forests in the west and with dense tropical vegetation in the center and east. Peru has three main drainage systems. One comprises about 50 torrential streams that rise in the sierra and descend steeply to the coastal plain. The second comprises the tributaries of the Amazon River in the mountain region. The third principal feature is Lake Titicaca, which drains into Lake Poopo in Bolivia thought the Desaguadero River

Learning outcome Essay

Understand diversity, equality and inclusion in own area of responsibility 1.1.1There are two models that link with equality, diversity and inclusion, the first one is the social model of disability which views discrimination and prejudice as being embedded in today’s society, their attitude’s and their surrounding environment. The social model focuses on who the adult is as person not what their disability or diagnosis is, the focus is on how to improve and empower the individual’s life and lead a more independent life as possible. The second model is the medical model of disability which views adults has having an impairment or lacking in some way, this model focuses on impairments that the adult has and finding and acknowledging ways to correct them. The client group at my current place of work are adults with mild learning disability and some of the residents have a dual diagnosis of mental health issues as well. Both the social and medical model has an impact on their daily life. The companys’s ethos is to empower the residents and in able them to lead a normal life as possible. This is done by providing and engaging them in their own individualised person centred plans and asking their opinions on what they like how they like it etc. allowing them to make informed choices for them self and whether they have the capacity to make these decisions. 1.2 Analyse the potential effects of barriers to equality and inclusion in own area of responsibility The potential effects that the residents will experience in this care setting are prejudice and discrimination. Prejudice happens when society lacks education and the understanding of different cultures and how society looks at it. Prejudice begins by making assumptions of a certain client group i.e. people with learning disability and mental health issues are put into a certain box. 3.1 Analyse how systems and processes can promote equality and inclusion or reinforce discrimination and exclusion †¢The Equality Act is a legislation that is in place to ensure that people are given equal rights and opportunities regardless of their age, gender, disability, race,religion or belief and sexual orientation. This legislation promotes diversity, equality and inclusion by making it a requirement that they are commonly practiced and incorporated into the health and social care setting, making it illegal to discriminate against a person/or persons for any reason. The main Acts incorporated into the Equality Act 2010 are; †¢ The Care Quality Commission †¢ The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 †¢ Human Rights Act 1998 †¢ The Equal Pay Act 1970 †¢ The Sex Discrimination Act 1999 †¢ The Race Relations Act 2003 If these code’s of practice and legislations where not to be followed the consequences can be diverse. They can effect just one individual or can effect an entire team of social care workers. By not following the codes of practice and the legislation you could cause a service user to feel discriminated against which would have negative effects such as making them feel isolated or un-heard and could lead to more problems that would effect the people around them as well as the individual . By not using inclusive practice you may find that the service user might be put in a situation in which they are not happy which could make them act out in a way that could effect their future and how other team members interact with them. †¢ [The service has a low number of service users from other black and cultural backgrounds †¢There are few staff members from black and cultural backgrounds (I have recently recruited a female member of staff who originates from Ghana ) †¢Some service users display prejudice by refusing support from a balck worker †¢Waiting for a disabled woman to be clear through the CRB process to become a volunteer focusing on media and creative writing. †¢Decision making processes for service users through the person centred plans which for some of the people in the service I manage still are powerless as staff determine outcomes for the person especially for people with limited communication. There are a number of people who are institutionalised and because they are older this is unlikely to change. †¢Staff attitudes towards women for example saying â€Å"Hey girl† I respond to this by saying my name is Alison and I manage the service. I feel there islittle respect of people’s positions within the organisation. There needs to be teaching of prof essionalism staff using appropriate language when in the work place. I feel undermined as a woman †¢Work policy systems for discrimination †¢Simple changes as everyone using the same mugs and staff having drinks at the same time as people who use the service. †¢Equality Act 2010 is the law that bands unfair treatment and helps achieve equal opportunities in the work place and wider society. †¢Promote – cultural diversity social work student on 9 week placement from the Check Republic unable spend quality time with her to discuss how the service †¢Ankar Hindu temple celebration of their 8 night festival †¢Health & wellbeing day promotion of healthy Asian finger foods for many people who attended the day this was a new experience including myself. 3.2 †¢it is important to promote equality and explain without causing offence why some practices are unacceptable â€Å"The key anti-oppressive component of personal ands social history discussed in chapter one understanding and valuing the cultural and spiritual heritage of families and communities within which individuals are situated, but recognising the continually changing dynamics of that experience.† (Burke, Clifford 2009:11) Anti-Oppressive ethics and values in Social Work Derek Clifford and Beverley Burke †¢Creating an environment to learn through music and singing for example gospel choir. †¢The organisation is predominately white with its origins from the Christian Brothers established in Belgium. Their principles for caring for orphaned children and children with disabilities. †¢As a manager it is important to ensure that people are given the opportunity to make informed decisions Burke, B. Clifford, C. (2009) Anti-Oppressive Ethics and Values in Social Work, Palgrave Macmillan 3.3 †¢Organise different cultural days /celebrations †¢Recruit more volunteers from cultural background †¢Out reach work with other cultures and religions allowing people to gain insight into how other people live. 4 Be able to manage the risks presented when balancing individual rights and professional duty of care. 4.1 The people I am responsible for have varying degrees of learning disabilities therefore their level of understanding in some cases is limited owing to their life experiences. †¢The majority of people have never had the opportunity to make informed decisions. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 states that you can make decisions acting in persons best interests. †¢Duty of care ensuring a person is not put at risk and keeping people safe. It is difficult for some staff to understand the power they hold and †¢don’t always make the best decision for the person. 4.2 †¢Informed choice this is giving people the appropriate information to make a decision. †¢It has to be in a format that the person understands such as easy read pictorial as most people who I support have limited literacy skills. Using pictures are and basic sign language can help. †¢Service user group meets monthly chaired by the people who use the service to discuss what happens in the service 4.3 †¢Individual capacity is based on a persons IQ and socialisation from childhood to adulthood most behaviour’s are learned. The people I support in most cases have been with the organisation since childhood there fore are institutionalised so decision making is very difficult for them. It is almost subservient wanting to please the member of staff by agreeing through repeating what the staff member had said. You could argue that the people we support are conditioned to give their personal power away to staff. There are minority of staff who say they acting in the person’s best interests but are actually exploiting their power. 4.4 Propose a strategy to manage risks †¢Financial policy when handling peoples personal monies ensuring they are supported to handle their own money to the best of their ability. †¢Assess the persons capacity level of understanding †¢Work on a life skill guiding the person through decision making stages †¢Write a risk assessment for each activity undertaken. †¢Travelling alone in taxis ring the person’s home first to check support staff are there. Ring for taxi. Support person into the taxi give taxi information on whether the person can talk confirm address and that a member of staff will meet the person at the final destination and pay. ing person’s home to inform they have left in the taxi give the taxi company details, description of driver and car.

From Traditional Marketplace to Tomorrow’s Marketspace

Focusing on past mergers that were unsuccessful, we will investigate the major cultural issues these companies faced that were the biggest obstacles jeopardizing their success. We will then be able to identify which cultural issues are most important for mergers of the future to succeed. The second part of our paper will talk about virtual conferencing, and the large position it will play in tomorrow's teams. Bringing this together, our discussion will focus on the positive and negative effects virtual teams can have on a merging company's culture. After presenting both sides, our ultimate goal will be to cite the more important roles the virtual teams of tomorrow must play, in efforts to create and maintain a strong and successful common culture among merging companies. The increase of Internet usage, combined with the latest e-commerce craze has changed the way most companies are doing business today (Knox 26). Companies that are not in the dot-com domain now desire to take part in the e-commerce world. Many industries are moving their business from the traditional marketplace to the highly sophisticated marketspace; the AOL/Time Warner merger is an example of this. Today, merging has become the answer to how businesses are going to increase and retain their competitive advantage. Once a company merges it becomes an even bigger powerhouse. This raises one company's market share tremendously, allowing it to stand tall against competing firms (Fairlamb 20). Now, other companies in the same industry need to search harder to reestablish their competitive niche. This is done most of the time through additional acquisitions of similar competing firms within the industry. Unfortunately a lot of mergers are doomed for failure. While sales figures and bottom lines play a big part in the execution of a successful merger, they are only one piece of the puzzle (qtd. in Pacific). Along with number crunching comes culture, the true heart of the company. Every company's culture is unique. Different personalities, ways of doing things, expectations, and ways of defining success are some examples. Even the information technology a company possesses is as much a part of a company's culture, as the people using it. Bringing together two or more companies that may have entirely different corporate culture forms an acquisition. With technologies latest advancement, companies have the ability to be brought together on an entirely new plateau. Virtual conferencing is redefining the way people are able to work together (Seanet). Through virtual teams people can primarily interact electronically. There are several reasons to create virtual teams. Specifically, teams may be distributed because of the new realities facing organizations such as: organization-wide projects or initiatives, and alliances with different organizations, some of which may be in other countries. There are also mergers and acquisitions, which we will pay close attention to, as well as the desire of many people and government organizations for telecommuting. These are a few of the many reasons why people will look to create virtual teams as their primary way of conducting business. Functional integration teams charged with the idea of knitting together two or three preexisting functions usually leads to turf protection, infighting, and special interest pleading. Planning for success, a lot of companies use a creation approach. Creating a comprehensive future-centered vision and strategy that defines the new organization. Together a new set of cultural behaviors and norms will be develop that are consistent with the accomplishment of the strategic goals, as well as creating a workforce passionately committed to the new organization's values, vision, objectives and ultimate success. There are many reasons why we chose virtual conferencing and how it will effect the important aspects of culture within merging companies. As future business people of America this is an issue that we will be faced with. In a time when job security seems to be approaching an all time low, it is important to know what we are going to be up against. Having a better idea of what is happening around us will be useful as we troop forward in efforts to create our own niche in this extremely competitive world. While this is a required project for us, we feel that we should take it for everything that it is worth, bettering ourselves as a result.