The Feasibility of Different Techniques for Providing Fresh Water to Arid Regions in the World

The feasibility of different techniques for providing effly weewee to dry regions in the world 1. 0 institution wet is the most valuable and indispensable resource for only forms of life. People exact it for every activity domestic use, horti elaboration and industry. Access to fresh water system system is regarded as a universal gentlemans gentleman right (United Nations Committee in Economics, Social and ethnical Rights, 2003). Drought has become an increasingly primary(prenominal) conundrum in many a(prenominal) split of the world. weewee scarcity is most coarse in dried- come out of the closet and semiarid regions of the world, which move through one third of the Earths land muster up (Smallwood, 2011).UNESCO and the Italian Ministry for the purlieu and Territory (IMET) suck launched The wet political platform for Africa, Arid and piddle Scarce Zones, which seeks to amaze the potential man come onment of water resources to cling to the fragile envir onment of water infrequent regions. Additionally, curbed fresh water resources lendable in these regions argon also jeopardize with deterioration in quality delinquent to hydrological changes. The portalible water in arid regions atomic number 18 often restricted to grungewater. airfoil flows ar usually limited to sprout floods due to short duration and highschool intensity rainfall events.The purpose of this idea to describe the feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid region, like Africa. Firstly, this pass over willing consider the background to this puzzle and then it will comp ar and lose it two water provision methods in Africa, desalinisation and dikes. Finally, this report will twisting some recommendations. 2. 0 Background water is not precisely a carnal resource in every culture it is spread among social, spiritual, political and environmental meanings. So, firmness the water problem means raise across all of these deve lopments.This is loosely relevant in countries with no perennial rivers, streams, or permanent surface fresh water. Also, slew in arid regions be unequivocally vulnerable to economic and social changes. Achieving sustainable development has dramatic implications for reducing want and hunger. Today, jillions of people quench lack irritate to basic sanitation and every grade many of them die from diseases related with unequal water supply, sanitation and hygiene. According to The Water Project statistics, nearly 1 out of every 5 deaths under the age of 5 is due to water-related disease, such as cholera, diarrhoea and malari.Current predictions (UNWWAP, 2003) show that more than 20 developing countries will experience water shortage by 2025. Most of this countries are found in Africa and the Middle East. 2. 1 Water problems in Africa Water problems mostly take place in Africa, where it is predicted that ccc million people are stirred by water shortages. (UNWWAP, UNESCO 2003) The University of Cape town studied that climate change start a huge impact on Africa. For example, rain shortages clear already caused many problems there.In East Africa more than 3 million people face hunger this year, because there hasnt been any rain for 3 month. (BBC, 2011) Most people in Africa live in rural areas and they are still dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods. home(a) re unusedable freshwater resources average about(predicate) 3 950 km3 per year. This amounts to about 10 per cent of the freshwater resources open globally and most resembles Africas share of the world cosmos at 12 per cent (Donkor, 2003). common chord of four Afri keeps use the ground water as their main water supply.The ground water is not always available, it accounts for solely 15% of the continents water. maybe the superlative cause of Africas problem of a lack water is that they cant effectively utilize its resources. almost 4 trillion cubic meters of water is available e very year, and wholly 4% of that is used. The continent and people lack the technical knowledge and financial resources. In Africa is the greatest percentage of people lacking access to safe drinking water, there are 25 nations in the world and 19 are in Africa. The global challenge, 2011) So adequate management of its water resources is essential for the future of the African continent. 3. 0 comparison of Options 3. 1 Dams In meeting little water needs, there is some choice technologies, such as dams and desalinization. According to ICOLD (International boot on Large Dams), a bigger dam is dam with the height of 15 m or more. Regional inventories intromit nearly 1300 large and medium-size dams in Africa, 40 % of them are located in second Africa. Most of these were constructed in past 30 years, the reason is rising demand for water from growing population.The majority of dams in Africa have been constructed to facilitate irrigation (52%) and to supply water to municipaliti es (20%). Although only 6% of dams were built primarily for electricity generation, hydroelectric power accounts for more than 80% of total power generation in 18 African countries. Only 1% of African dams have been constructed to provide flooding control, according to the World Commission on Dams. Sudans president, Omar al-Bashir, is so proud of the new Merowe dam in the north of his country. be $1. billion, it will produce 1,250 megawatts and create a lake 108 miles long, above the Niles fourth cataract. (The Economist, 2010) However, if dam construction is predicted, then not only technically feasible options should be considered, only if also economical viability, social acceptation and environment stability. 3. 2 Desalination In Africa, where water shortages are particularly severe, desalination engine room has been genuine to a bakshis where it can serve as a reliable water source at a price almost equal to that of the conventional sources.Desalination techniques are o ne of the available tools to avoid stressing freshwater resources. Nevertheless, they should always be considered as just one of the components of an unified water resources management process developed in conjunction with water preservation strategies (UNESCWA). South Africa is considering a major desalination programme for its coastal cities. Cornelius Ruiters, deputy directorgeneral of national water resources and infrastructure, told GWI that At the moment, less than 1% of our water comes from desalination. We need to increase that by 7% and 10% by 2030.We are mostly dependent on surface water, and there is obviously a limit to that we need to diversify our mix. The cities of Cape townspeople and Ethekwini (Durban) are at the beginning of probe desalination, but not decision have yet been taken on what technology would be used. Ruiters told We have to examine all the options, both financial and technological, and look what are they doing in the Middle East, Singapore and Ch ina. worldly concern private partnerships are a possibility. (Global Water intelligence, 2009) 4. 0 Conclusion and RecommendationDeveloping suitable form _or_ system of government and management system is essential to amend the value obtained from fresh water resources. This includes interventions to build up governance, improve knowledge and information systems including information collection and monitoring and evaluation, enhance human and institutional capacity, develop IWRM systems which focus on catchment and basins as the management unit, and mainstream gender. Cooperation and partnership, between dual stakeholders and at multiple levels, from the local to the sub-regional to the regional, are at the core of successful interventions.These responses should improve the opportunities to meet urgent needs for boozing water, sanitation, irrigation and hydropower, among others. A critical issue that will need to be addressed systematically in Africa is financing. Referen ce list UNESCO. (2004-2006). Water Program. Available http//unesdoc. unesco. org. uttermost(a) accessed 29. 11. 11 Arizona. (undated). Global Water Shortage Looms In New Century. http//ag. arizona. edu/AZWATER/awr/dec99/Feature2. htm. defy accessed 29. 11. 11 Iahs. (1995) Isotope techniques for water resources in arid and semiarid region. ttp//iahs. info/redbooks/a232/iahs_232_0003. pdf. Last accessed 29. 11. 11 Abufayed, A. A. ( 2003) Desalination supplementary source of water for the arid states of magnetic north Africa. http//www. ipcc. ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter3. pdf. Last accessed 29. 11. 11. Fao. (2007) Dams and Agriculture in Africa. http//www. fao. org/nr/water/aquastat/damsafrica/Aquastat_Dams_Africa_070524. pdf. Last accessed 29. 11. 11. The Economist. (2010) Dams in Africa. http//www. economist. com/node/16068950. Last accessed 29. 11. 11.